光华讲坛——社会名流与企业家论坛7000期

主题：Urban Electrification and Spatial Externalities：Evidence from Charging Infrastructure城市电气化与空间外部性：来自充电基础设施的证据

主讲人：北京大学国家发展研究院 龙显灵助理教授

主持人：公共管理学院 李丁教授

时间：10月15日 9：30—11：30

地点：柳林校区通博楼A320会议室

主办单位：公共管理学院 科研处

主讲人简介：

龙显灵博士现任北京大学国家发展研究院助理教授、北大博雅青年学者，入选国家级人才计划。她于2021年获斯坦福大学博士学位，主要研究领域为环境经济学。龙教授的代表性成果见于American Economic Journal: Economic Policy、Journal of Public Economics、Journal of Development Economics（2篇）以及Journal of Environmental Economics and Management（2篇）等期刊。其合作论文获Journal of Public Economics 2018—2020年最佳论文奖。

内容提要：

This lecture focuses on urban electrification and charging infrastructure. The study uses detailed data from Beijing on parking, charging, vehicle trajectories, traffic congestion, and pollution. It exploits within-parking-lot changes in charger deployment and combines this with an instrumental-variable strategy to estimate the effects of charging infrastructure. The empirical results show the following. First, increased charging capacity raises electric-vehicle parking demand and attracts new users without significantly displacing gasoline vehicles. Second, charging infrastructure expands EV drivers' travel range and activity space, with stronger effects in areas with limited existing infrastructure, larger parking facilities, and fast chargers. Third, improved travel convenience comes with localized costs: charger expansion exacerbates traffic congestion near urban arterial roads and is associated with higher local nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) concentrations. The findings show that charging infrastructure affects not only EV adoption and use but also the spatial distribution of traffic and pollution. Therefore, infrastructure planning must comprehensively consider charger type, location, and road capacity.

本次讲座主要围绕城市电气化进程与充电基础设施的相关内容展开。该研究使用北京市停车、充电、车辆轨迹、交通拥堵与污染等详细数据，利用同一停车场内部充电桩投放的变化，并结合工具变量策略估计充电基础设施的影响。实证结果显示：第一，充电容量增加提高了电动汽车停车需求并吸引新用户，同时未显著挤出燃油车；第二，充电设施扩展了电动汽车驾驶者的出行范围和活动空间，且在既有设施较少、停车场规模较大以及配置快速充电桩的区域作用更强；第三，出行便利改善也伴随局部成本，充电桩扩容加剧了城市干道附近的交通拥堵，并与当地二氧化氮（NO₂）浓度升高相关。研究表明，充电基础设施不仅影响电动汽车的采用与使用，也会改变交通与污染的空间分布，因此在规划中需综合考虑充电桩类型、选址与道路容量。